When encountered database corruption. There are basically a couple of things that we can do. We will not describe the details here but here are some links to some of the documentation ( for 10gR2 )
1. DBVERIFY: Offline Database Verification Utility
This is a utility provided by Oracle to verify the status of your datafiles but does not repair the corrupted block. What it does is basically scanning through the datafile and marking the corrupted blocks.
If you suspect that a datafile is corrupted. Do a cold backup before you run this utility.
See more :
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14215/dbverify.htm#sthref1830
2. Using DBMS_REPAIR to Repair Data Block Corruption
A DBMS_REPAIR PL/SQL package provide by Oracle to repair data block corruption in database schema objects. However it is not necessary that it is able to recover all the data. Sometimes DBMS_REPAIR just makes the object usable by ignoring corruptions during table and index scans.
Taking note that DBMS_REPAIR does not work with LOBs.
See more :
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14231/repair.htm#i1006505
3. If you have a proper RMAN backup, you might be able to recover the corrupted block using RMAN. I have not tried this but below is a documentation with some details on how it can be done :
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2674976/Oracle-Database-Corruption
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